Child abandoment Essay Example for Free

Child abandoment EssayMany babies are abandoned by parents who avoid their responsibilities. It could be have really serious problems, but it is irresponsible behavior. In addition, some parents abandon the babies outside. It is cruel behavior. We should not ignore this problem. There are three solutions controlling nefarious abandonment, allowing abortion legally, and educating nation to use contraceptive method.Controlling guilty abandonment is a good way to prevent babies from being abandoned. The police should catch and punish the parents who abandon their babies. Because it is the same as murder. So it has to be rigorously controlled. However, its hard to find and catch the parents because they abandon babies secretly. Therefore, the regime should influence cameras that track everything everywhere, and warn people that if they abandon their babies, they will be punished intensely.Allowing abortion legally can prevent babies from being abandoned. There are some countri es in which abortion is illegal. So the women who want abortion decide to do dangerous illegal abortion or abandon the babies. So the government should allow abortion. Nevertheless, some people will disagree if the government allows abortion. In this case, the government should persuade women to gift their own decisions about their bodies.Education people to use contraception is the best way to prevent babies from being abandoned. Many people dont know how important contraception is. So the government should educate people to do contraception to prevent unwanted babies. However, some people ignore or dont believe this kind of education. Thus, the government should educate people since they are children.In conclusion, we can try some solutions to prevent babies from being abandoned even though it is not easy. The government should set cameras that track everything, and warn people to control illegal abandonment. And the government should allow abortion legally and persuade people wh o disagree of abortion. Also, the government should educate people since they are children to learn how important contraception is.

Applying Information Security and SDLC Essay Example for Free

Applying Information surety and SDLC EssayWrite a paper of no much than 3,000 words in which you discuss one of the bookstores, use the SDLC rule to implement a b be-assed technology into the bookstore, and detail a disaster recovery design for the bookstore.Cite at least five references in your paper. order your paper consistent with APA guidelines.If you are thinking of joining a fraternity or sorority, adopt the time to look into what each individual house has to offer. succession there are similarities, many an(prenominal) houses are different in the types of community service they do, the types of activities they prefer, and the general attitude they portray. This pack contains BIS 320 Week 5 Applying Information Security and SDLC to Business oecumenical Questions General General QuestionsResource University of phoenix Material Applying Information Security and SDLC to BusinessWrite a paper of no more than 3,000 words in which you discuss one of the bookstores, us e the SDLC method to implement a new technology into the bookstore, and detail a disaster recovery plan for the bookstore.Cite at least five references in your paper.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.If you are thinking of joining a fraternity or sorority, take the time to look into what each individual house has to offer. While there aresimilarities, many houses are different in the types of community service they do, the types of activities they prefer, and the overall attitude they portray.This pack contains BIS 320 Week 5 Applying Information Security and SDLC to BusinessGeneral Questions General General QuestionsResource University of Phoehttps//bitly.com/12BDPWwIf you are thinking of joining a fraternity or sorority, take the time to look into what each individual house has to offer. While there are similarities, many houses are different in the types of community service they do, the types of activities they prefer, and the overall attitude they portray. Gener al Questions General General QuestionsResource University of Phoenix Material Applying Information Security and SDLC to BusinessWrite a paper of no more than 3,000 words in which you discuss one of the bookstores, use the SDLC method to implement a new technology into the bookstore, and detail a disaster recovery plan for the bookstore.Cite at least five references in your paper.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Research and Account Essay Example for Free

Research and Account Essay accounting One Old deanery care star signOne staff member has been sacked and seven suspended from one of Englands largest care homes after an undercover probe by BBC Panorama found pathetic care. The filming at the Old Deanery in Essex showed some nonmigratorys being taunted, roughly handled and one was slapped. The home said it was shocked and saddened by the allegations. contend minister of religion Norman Lamb described the images as absolutely disgusting and said there could be a role for the use of CCTV in care homes. Care Quality Commission figures seen by the BBC show over a third of homes that received warning nonices since 2011 still do not meet basic standards. Allegations of distressing care and mistreatment at the 93-bed home in Braintree, where residents pay roughly 700 per week, were first raised by 11 whistle-blowers in August 2012.see more secern reports into serious strokesEssex County Council put it on special measures for t hree months until concerns were addressed. But secret filming by Panoramas undercover reporter over 36 shifts found legion(predicate) of the corresponding sorts of issues reported a year earlier, including a woman slapped by a care worker who had previously been complained about for her poor attitude towards residents the same woman, who has dementia and is partially paralysed after a stroke, was also repeatedly mocked and taunted by other care workers cries for assistance from a resident suffering a endpoint illness ignored as she sought help for the toilet, and her call bell for assistance left unplugged on one occasion a resident bed-ridden with a chronic illness left lying in his own excrement after two care workers turned off his call bell without assisting himReport Two Winterbourne view care homeThe 11 defendants nine ache workers and two nurses admitted 38 charges of either neglect or ill-treatment of five the great unwashed with severe learning difficulties after bein g secretly put down by a reporter for the BBCs Panorama programme They were filmed slapping extremely vulnerable residents, sousing them in water, trapping them under chairs, taunting and swearing at them, pulling their hair and poking their eyes. Whistle-blower Terry Bryan,a former nurse at the home, contacted the BBC after his warnings were ignored by Castlebeck Ltd, which owned the hospital, and care watchdogs. Hours of graphic footage recorded during a five-week, undercover BBC investigation in February and March last year, showed one support worker, Wayne Rogers, telling a resident Do you want me to get a cheese grater and grate your face off? Do you want me to turn you into a giant pepperoni?Rogers slapped another resident across the cheek, saying Do you want a scrap? Do you want a fight? Go on and I will bite your bloody face off. His colleague Alison Dove was recorded saying a resident loved pain, then saying to the resident Simone, come here and Ill punch your face. Dove threatened another resident when she broke a window in the lounge with a chair. She was recorded snarling Listen, in future Im going to let you sit on the fucking floor, cos you dont deserve a chair.On another occasion, Dove, Graham Doyle and Holly Draper restrained a female resident as a fourth member of staff, Sookalingum Appoo, forced a paracetamol tablet into her mouth. Later, during the same incident, Doyle put on a mock-German accent and, mimicking a Nazi guard, slapped the resident over the head with his gloves shouting Nein, nein, nein, nein. The Panorama investigation, which was screened in May 2011, led to a serious case review two months later, which criticised Darlington-based Castlebeck Ltd for lay profits before humanity.These reports show that safeguarding of the individuals involved should have been enforced. The failings to do with this incident could have been due to the fact that the care homes wereunder staffedover workedlanguage barriersnot had up-to-date train ingtrained in dementiaa better approach to safeguarding across agenciesa better system for flagging concerns and referralsbetter entropy sharingA most recent report from CQC on 1st April 2014 showsthat overall, providing care, treatment and support that meets peoples needs and staffing, required improvement. The Old Deanery also had a CQC report from June 2012 which showed staffing problems and when residents pressed their bells in their rooms, they were waiting a long time until they were attended to. This shows that these issues were not addressed. Also the staff employed at The Old Deanery care home ignored or failed to recognise the individuals rights and need for protection. There was poor communication, planning, coordination and thoughtlessness which left each individual in an abusive and chancy situation.The government review found as well as reports from the police, the CQC and the local NHS drew the following conclusions, to Winterbourne Views casePatients stayed at wine rbourne view for in any case long and were too far from home- the average length of stay was 19 months. Almost half of patients were more than 40 miles away from, where their family or primary careers lived. There was extremely elevated rate of physical intervention- well over 500 reported cases of restraint in a fifteen month period. Multiple agencies failed to pick up on key warning signs-nearly 150 separate incidents- including AE visits by patients,police attendance at the hospital, and safeguarding concerns reported to the local council- which could and should have raised the alarm. There was clear management failure at the hospital- with no registered manager in place, substandard recruitment processes and limited staff training. A closed and punitive culture had developed- families and other visitors were not allowed admission charge to the top floor wards and patient bedrooms, offering little chance for outsiders to see daily routines at the hospital.

Relationship Of Employee Voice And Employee Performance

Relationship Of Employee translator And Employee PerformanceHuman resource is a very(prenominal) essential part of any(prenominal) confederacy and the people within the company play a very important role. This paper aims at analyzing the relationship of employee voice in an organization and the employee achievement. The paper go out world-classly deal with the various methods that the employees can express themselves and be heard. This will be followed by the importance of employee voice, and the various views that pretend been presented by authors about the importance. A thorough analysis of the impact of employee voice on the carrying into action has besides been made.Employee VoiceOver the years, there has been a high cloakest in the opinion of employee voice both in end points of high levels of performance and also better employee representation (Beardwell 1998, Sako 1998, Benson 2000 Roche, 2000). There has been a vast amount of literature that has been tack down on the topic of Voice. A study by Professor Marg art has highlighted that joint voice achieves what the lvirtuoso voice could never do it humanises and civilises the workplace, arguing that collective representation is the foundation of a partnership relationship that brings positive benefits for business (Prosser, 2001). There rent been several contrasting meanings that have been point down for the term Employee voice. Each translation and explanation of the terms has provided a different view on the purpose and underlying meaning of employee voice and the need of one quite an than an individual voice. For an organisation to develop and be successful it is essential there is a freedom to speak and participate for all employees. The twentieth century has seen many initiatives to involve employees and has also tried to promote better performance. According to Lavelle, Gunnigle and McDonnell, have defined employee voice as, as any type of mechanism, structure or practice, whic h provides an employee with an fortune to express an opinion or participate in decision-making within their organization (Lavelle, Gunnigle and McDonnell, 2010). Employee voice can be distinguished into two briny types,Direct Voice this refers to any mode of mechanism where the employees can directly involve and work with the caution in various aspects like their jobs. Work environment, teams, appraisal systems, and even the meetings among the employees and the managers. here most of the elaborateness of the employees is through the individual themselves rather than via any other intermediate.Indirect Voice This form of voice is one where there is a collective employee representation and these include representation like trade unitings, non union structures of collective representations like work councils, and consultative committees.There are several different mechanisms that are available for employee voice within an organization. According to the Chartered Institute of Pers onnel and Development, the various mechanisms of employee voice can be classified into two main headings, a) Upward Problem Solving and b) Representative Participation. These two also fall into the above categories that have been wrangleed, i.e. direct and indirect voice. The CIPD has also brought out the various mechanisms that are complementary to employee voice and these are as discussed belowUpward problem-solving or Direct Method This refers to any technique that is adopted by the managers to gain the ideas of the employees and also to gain an opinion of the employees, This allows for a two way communication and it encourages the employees to participate by setting up through communication systems. Here the communication is more between the individual employee and the managers rather than with any kind of representatives. There are numerous methods and techniques that can be used to allow this form of communication. One of the first methods that can be used is the Electronic media. This allows disseminating and also permits for ideas to be shared and provided using an online medium. Here as compared to the face to face medium, there is very slight interaction and all questions and proposals are sent out using emails. The other form of communication is a two way communication, where the staff and managers can exit together and discuss their views and opinions on various ejects. These are mostly in the form of regular meeting and these not only allow for improved issue management but also work on the improvement of performance of the team as such. Here employees can suggest problem solving for issues that are faced or even discuss ideas to improve the processes. Another very famous and presently adopted method is the suggestion schemes. These allow the people to discuss and make suggestion and contribute to the growth of the team. Here however there are incentives for the contributors if the suggestions are accepted and implemented. Another very effect ive form of load-bearing(a) the employee voice is using questionnaire surveys. Here the company can disc over the levels of satisfaction of the staff particularly in terms of work and work environment. This is a very surd way of increasing the employee voice and being able to reach out to the employees. Another effective manner of direct communication includes the project teams. Here a group of people can be brought together on a regular basis and the team can work on reciprocation of the quality of work within the organization.Representative Participation or Indirect Method This form as mentioned is more of an indirect method. Here there is no interaction between the individual employee and the managers however are more based on the employee representative and the managers. A few of the possible methods that are used in companies include as follows. The partnership scheme is one where an emphasis is made on a mutual gain and a mutual gain and a tackling the issues and problems i n a cooperative manner. Another form is referred to as joint consultation. This has been expressed as, to consider issues that are deemed to be of common interest or of draw importance to the parties (CIPD, 2010). Also the last form is the collective representation. This is where employees negotiate and work together work towards the pay. Here they act as employee representatives.These mechanisms only permit a better chance for the employees to voice their requirements. There is a high need for the employee voice to be heard and these have a major impact on the performance of the company and the employee themselves. The next section will deal with the impact of providing employees with a chance to have their voice heard and how it would affect the on the job(p) and performance of the employees.Impact on Employee PerformanceAs said very rightly by Dulewicz (1989), a basic human tendency to make judgements about those one is work with, as well as about oneself. It is noted that ap praisals are inevitable and is universal. People evaluate how well a job is done to set performance standards. The process was linked to the material outcomes, i.e. if an employees performance is to less than ideal then there would be a cut in pay, however if the performance was better than the ideal level set by the supervisor, then there would be a rise in pay. In the current situation the definition of employee contribution is not only myrmecophilous on the output i.e. the end results achieved but also depends on the inputs by the employee i.e. what the employee is willing to contribute to the business.Several studies have highlighted that the performance of employees is based not only on the level of pay that they receive but also equally on the level of motivation which in turn is related directly to the level of motivation of the employees. The performance of a company and its relationship with the employee voice has been a topic of high debate over the last decade. The voice s of the employees of a company affect the performance of the company directly. Performance here is in terms of two mains aspects, a) the employee performance and b) the company performance. These are inter related in a way that the better the employee performance the better will be the company performance. Human Resource Management mainly aims at ensuring that all aspects of employees from recruitment to retention are taken care of. The HR team would take all necessary steps to ensure that the employee performance is better. The HR has a very clear and very big affect on the performance of the company and the employees, as they bare in some form a major point of contact for the employees (Boselie, Paauwe and Jansen, 2000). The HR has a direct influence on the performance of the company. Since the HR is responsible for recruitment and selection of the employees, it is completely dependent on the HR teams to select employees who would perform, also they are the ones who need to ensur e that the employee needs and voice are heard and met and should also support the managers and the top management to encourage and hear the voices of the employees. This is mainly because employee performance is directly related to the needs of the employees and if an employee is not heard the employee can retrieve disheartened which would cause levels of distress.According to Beale (1994) employee involvement represents, a significant challenge to the traditional influence of trade unions in the workplace. Employee involvement programmes provide an alternative source of information, ideas and interpretation of workplace experiences, an alternative to that provided by the union. Employee involvement programmes actively promote a new culture in competition with the traditional explanations and culture communicated by the union (Beale, 1994).It is also essential to study that irrespective of how much the management might try to avoid any form of unions or representative participatio n, the level of commitment is not seen to have increased. In the current times employees prefer to have a representative participation, i.e. part of unions, and other representative structures. Hence when a company does not allow or pay head to the employee voice through the indirect measures, it is seen that there is also a clear reduced commitment to work and demoraliseed levels of motivation. It has also been explained by Storey and Sisson (1994), highlight the same point and explain that the enhanced worker commitment will reduce directly if the management attempts to overlook the unions and try to go in for a direct form of contact with the employees. Ackers, Marchington, Wilkinson and Dundon (2003) explain, On the other hand, where unions stand outside the EI Employee involvement initiative, their indifference or hostility may be a major reason for its failure. Social partnership theory suggests that union involvement can make EI Employee involvement work better, for both man agement and employees.The main intension of any firm is to have high performance working within the organization. Having high performance working in an organization is in a number of ways the glacial of the employment practices set down by Taylor. CIPD explain high performance working as, HPW can be characterised as everything that Taylorist employment practices are not. This is an unjust reflection on the substantial influence of F W Taylor on management thinking in the early part of the last century. However, HPW is the diametrical opposite of employment strategies based on short cycle times, skill minimization and one right way. This approach is appropriate to the high volume repetitive working usually associated with products and services sold on the basis of low cost and narrow range. HPW is better suited to product and service sectors that are at least(prenominal) concerned with mass customization and more often designed to meet the needs of individual customers (CIPD, 201 0).Several authors over the years have provided several different views and notions on the topic of the relationship between employee voice and employee performance. Several authors also concentrate more on the direct voice effect. It has been studied that direct employee voice is relatively much more effective and than the indirect employee voice and shows higher, better and enhanced performance outcomes. Heller (1998) observed that high degrees of influence sharing are associated with a better quality and effectiveness of decisions and a significant reduction in the underutilization of peoples experience and skills (p. 1439). Also Cotton et.al (1988) explains that in the case of direct voice, the employees tend to feel more satisfied and also gain a feel of involvement in the decision making. They also explain that when the employee influence is high, there is a higher level of group cohesion and the level of commitment to those decisions is noted to be enhanced and improved.In a nother research conducted by Bryson, Willman, Gomez, and Kretschmer (2007), the hypotheses has highlighted that there is a strong link between employee voice and HRM. This as mentioned earlier also has a direct impact on the employee and the performance of the employees. A research conducted by freewoman and Medoff (1984) and adapted Hirschmans (1970) model. Hirschmans (1970) model of exit voice has been the base of the research by Freeman and Medoff and this has mainly be done to link the union voice, higher levels of productiveness and lower quit rates. Kim, MacDuffie Pil, (2009), explain, Without collective voice through the agency of worker representation, employees lack the incentive to pursue public goods, such as enhanced working conditions and workplace policies that affect the well-being of all employees, for example, grievance and arbitration procedures, just cause for discipline and discharge, and seniority clauses (Batt et al., 2002) (Kim, MacDuffie Pil, 2009).Conclus ionBased on the research and the massive discussion that has been presented above, it is clear that the various researches that have been presented in the past it is clear that the relationship between the employee voice and productivity is ambiguous. Kim, MacDuffie Pil, (2009), explain, Union presence may lower labor productivity via restrictive work practices or lower firm investments due to lower firm profitability. On the other hand, it has also been noted that the union voice can also be associated with the adversarial relations within the industries and the if there is no clear flow of information between the workers and the management, there is also a clear lack of complete diversity in terms of the input of the workers. There have also been other findings from studies by Brown and Medoff, which suggest that the unions have a close relationship with the employee morale, needs, motivation and also cooperation (Metcalf, 2003). There have thus been several positive and negativ e views on this topic and there has not been any clear evidence on the certainty of the effect of employee voice on employee performance.

What Happens When We Die Religion Essay

What Happens When We Die Religion EssayDeath is an issue that we all face no matter what our privateized beliefs argon so What Happens When We Die?, is atomic number 53 of the greatest questions of life. Generally we are real reluctant to think of our own expiry. Death is a great symmetry and no matter what or whom you are in life, eventually we all arrive at to face the reality of dying. Is termination the destroy of our consciousness and be? In spite of hundreds years of re count, Science can non prove when or where life began.Researchers pay back found that the human nervous system and brain operate largely finished electrical impulses. The brain requires blood and oxygen to function, when breathing, if our blood circulation is impaired, the brain simply does non function or ceases completely. Humans are a complex expressageion composed of many a(prenominal) co-operating interactions within our bodies. We entertain a desire to understand and influence, search for explanations through our natural curiosity and yet, we are so preoccupied with the familiar concerns of our lives that conclusion is pushed into the background until we have to face it through the loss of a love atomic number 53.Our thoughts turn to their demise and we decide whether we believe they are gone to a better pace, is at that place a better life after death, does death bring a new life, are our departed loved ones sleeping and awaiting reawakening, or does death mean non human race .(Atheist). The sheer grief and pain of death, the loss of a loved one causes suffering for those left behind. We carry out an aline of customs during the burial of our perfectly, we commemorate them in memory of their lives as mankind has a need to go through a ritual in give to try to understand what happens when we die. Is it averageal to want a future life after death or is death necessary as our limited conception cannot conceivably harbinger all life eternally?We question What is Death? What is life? Is death a simple and definable end to life? Where does our heart and thought go when the bond among our material body is dissolved? Is death permanent? We wonder whether upon death when our somatogenic body disintegrates what happens to our soul?. If we do drive away, do humans have the ability carry memories of past events into their present life?. Our attempts to understand death generate hero-worship, controersy, self-questioning and rationalisation.In all(prenominal) assimilation when a loved one dies ceremonies are held by family and friends to reminisce roughly the dead. Universally, although cultures differ, praying plays a highly important part during the death ceremony. The finality of death is frightening and humankind have dealt with their loss since the beginning of time through ceremonies which us to get through what we dont understand. Death has been depicted by macabre images such as the Grim reaper coming to take away a psyches soul . The scythe is a symbol that he reaps the soul of both saints and sinner alike The Harvest of Souls.Physical death is the Bottom of Form 1cessation of bodily functions, when your heart stops beating, your brain stops to function and you stop breathing. It is also the severing of the connection between our spirit from our visible body and when consciousness finally leaves our human form to go to the next life. The mind or soul is not a physical part of our bodies, it is formless and a separate entity from our human body form. Questions are raised upon death when the body disintegrates at death does our consciousness cease? This is where we search for spiritual answers through religion, creators, idol, Gods and Goddesses.During our lives we seek to find answers to the many questions we have about death and man, since the beginning of time, man has tried to conceive a way to work death. Questions range from Is death permanent? Does our spirit carry on in another form and at a deepe r level of consciousness? Can be reincarnated and come back to Earth? If we are reincarnated are all of our previous memories erased? Is there a creator who will welcome us into our new existence? Are we merely a collection of cells, molecules, skin and are we reasonable another cycle of nature? Are we a natural part of exploitation? Is there an afterlife? Is our physical demise temporary? Where, if anywhere, do we go?Scientists find it difficult to accept a life after death theory. However, they have to accept unintelligible natural phenomena and other realms of reality through their own facts ground on Quantum Mechanics. Death can be considered either as the end of existence or as a transition to another state of universe or consciousness. The Hindus deal with death by viewing life as an illusion and learning through the levels of renascence the true meaning of life and both religion and mythology concern themselves with what happens to our essence after physical death.There are many causes of death such as the natural process of aging, natural death, illness, disease, suicide, homicide, natural disasters, accidents and wars. Universally, death rituals can vary extensively depending on religion, race and culture however, rituals and ceremonies are cross cultural such preparation of the corpse for a funeral and the ceremony surrounding the disposing of the corpse. Although practices whitethorn differ from culture to culture, death ceremonies are the norm and can include a three day watch of the corpse, gathering of relations and friends to mourn their departed right through to elaborate rituals which go on for weeks.The Ancients flourished on a social structure where rites of ancestor worship and spiritual beliefs were the norm. The Celtic Druids had a strong belief in sacrifice and believed in the reincarnation of the soul into another form hence they did not fear death. The ancient Egyptians practiced forms of ancestor worship and believed in rebirth a fter death and considered death as merely a temporary interruption. The Mayans were a very religions people who lived in fear of their destructive Gods so their funerals were held with great respect and ceremony. Shamanism is based on the belief that spirits and invisible entities permeate our visible cosmos. The Christians believe that Jesus Christ is the son of God and came down to earth to rid them of victor sin thus saving their souls and after death, fruiting to God in Heaven. Jehovahs Witnesses believe that the Bible is the Manual for Life, Jesus is the Son of God however, they are not Trinitarian. On their death they sleep until God calls everyone who has departed this Earth for Judgement Day and those who lived their lives according to the Bible, will live back on Earth and be reigned by a Council in Heaven.Taking the Bible as an example we determine that the word Heaven, which is used in a strictly material significance as forming a part of the created universe. In Genes is i.1, In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. The ancient Hebrews, however, seem to have entertained strange notions as to the structure of the material Heaven, believing it to be a solid arch resting on pillars, and having foundations. Thus, in Job xxvi. 11, the pillars of Heaven tremble, and we are astonished at his reproof. In other passages of the Bible Heaven is compared to a curtin, or the covering of a tent, as in Ps. civ.2, Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment who stretchest out the orbit like a curtin.The ancient Jews believed that there were several different Heavens the lower, the middle, and the third or higher domain. The lower level of Heaven was considered to take in the clouds and the atmosphere the middle as being the stellar or starry region and the third as being the Heaven of Heavens, or the habitation of God and his angels.The word Heaven is not only used in a material notwithstanding also a spiritual thought, to indicate the fu ture base of the righteous after death. The belief in Heaven beyond the grave, accordingly, is not limited to Christians, being a recognized creed of Heathens, Jews, and Mohammadeans. Among the ancient Romans and Greeks, the Heaven to which the skillful ascended was relieve oneselfd Elysium. The precise location of Elysium was a topic of debate for generations writers of classic antiquity declared the happiness of the souls in Elysium to be complete and allegedly, well-nigh believed that the departed souls would return to earth again.Eternal blessedness was, in view of the ancient Pagans, reserved for those who were distinguished for their exhalted virtues and who were accordingly admitted into the society of the Gods and could, at any time, return to their ancestors on this earth. Summerland, a place for resting of the soul until it is ready to continue on a journey of self, until the person learned and escalated to the higher realms of eternal consciousness.Heaven of the Hindu culture is the absorption on Brahm and of the Buddhist, annihilation or Nirwana. The priesthood of the ancient Egyptians taught the immortality of the soul under the mane of Palingenesia, or endorse birth, being a return of the soul to the celestial spheres or its reabsorption into the Supreme Being. This doctrine was allegedly inculcated only upon the illerate multitudes who could form no conception of the existence of the soul without the body.The ancient Scandinavians, believed in two different heavens one, the palace of Odin which they named Valhalla where this divinity received all of those who died a violent death and the other cal lead Gimli (place covered with gold), the everlasting home of the righteous where to enjoy ecstatic and deathless delights. Those received into the palace of Odin, heroes, believed that every day would be filled with fighting, eating, drinking and surrounded by virgins.Jewish Rabbis teach that there is an upper and lower promised land or heaven with a fixed pillar of Zion. On every Sabbath or festival, the righteous climb up and feed themselves with a glance of the churchman majesty until the end of the Sabbath or festival. The souls of the righteous, according to the Jewish Rabbis, do not ascent to the upper paradise immediately after they have left their body, but they are represented as undergoing a pervious kind of novitiate in the lower paradise, which is situated half way between this corporal world and the upper Heaven.Mohammadeans believe in a Heaven prepared for the blessed among the faithful a place for those who are true to their religion and followers of the set apart prophet Mohammed. Here, they shall spend eternity and shall join him in perpetual light and all heavenly pleasures, always beautiful, in their full strength and vigour, brighter than the sun, and thought worthwhile to see the face of the Most High God, and to adore him. They hold that there are eight Heavens of varying degrees.We have looked a t varying usances in the belief of Heaven and now shall look at the belief in Hell. Both in the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures there are two words, Sheol and nether region which are sometimes translated into hell but which denote the world of departed spirits in general while two other words Tartaros and Gehenna, signify the place of eternal punishment reserved for the unrighteous and wicked after death. The Amenti of ancient Egyptians, the Patala of the Hindus and the Orcus of the Romans, refer to a future state but the doctrine of a future punishment is found embodied in all religious systems whether Christian, Heathen, Jewish or Mohammedean.Hell is believed to be a place of eternal torment, a bottomless pit, a worm that never dies, the fire that shall never be quenched. The Jewish Rabbis believe in an upper and lower hell. Gehennon, to which the Talmud adds seven other names, is say to be applied to seven mansions into which hell is divided. Many Jewish people believe in hell, no t as an eternal dwelling-place of the wicked, but, to the Israelites at least, as a place of temporary purgatorial punishment. It is believed that the very wicked shall be eternally annihilated.The Mohammedeans, like the Jews, divide Hell which they call Gehennon, into seven portions, but they are not integralityly agreed as to the inhabitants of these districts. The most common opinion is that Gehennon, is destined for those worshippers of the true God who have not acted up to the principles of the faith which they have professed the second division, called Lodha, is for the Christians the third named Hothama, is for Jews the fourth, denominated Sair, is destined for the Sabeans the fifth, called Sacar, is for Magicians or Geubres the sixty names Gehim, will received Pagans and idolaters, whilst the seventh, the most severe place of punishment within the lowest depths of the abyss, is named Hooviat, and reserved for the hypocritical professors of religion.The Hindus believe in a g raduated scale of future punishments as well rewards the less wicked being sunk into a lower go under in the next birth (reincarnation), the more wicked being sent down to one or other of the innumerable Hells, to reappear, however, on earth, in mineral, animal, and vegetable forms before they rise to the human, the most wicked of all beings doomed to understand the misery and woe and perdition until the time of the dissolution of all things. The Buddhist tradition has a system of eight principal narakas, or places of torment, all of them situated in the interior of the earth and so enclosed it makes it impossible for escape.Gnostics, (gnosis, knowledge), the general name applied to various classes of pagans or heretics, arose in the early period of the Christian Church. They derived from the school of philosophy and denoted a higher and esoteric science which was designed to express the superiority of their doctrines to those of the Pagans and Jews. The systems of Gnosticism were various, all of them referable to two fixed historical centres, Syria and Egypt. Hence, there was a marked difference between the Syrian and the Alexandrian Gnosis, the former being characterized by a predominance of Dualism, the latter by a predominance of Pantheism.It is impossible to even cursorily examine Gnosticism in the diversified aspect which is assumes, without being at almost every point reminded of the old religious systems of Asia, Buddhism, Parsiam and Brahmanism. Gnostics believed in intuitions and symbols rather than conceptions. In the eye of the Gnostic everything became hyposaterized, which, to the Western thinker existed only as a conception.The foundation of most of the Gnostic systems lies in the idea of two different and opposite worlds, the one region of light, the other the region of darkness one a region of purity and the other of sin a superior world and an inferior world. The primal source of being was the Bythos (like the Brahm) of Hinduism in which was an invisible, incomprehensible being, enjoying sinless quiescence and from whom all emanations proceeded. Following their line of thought, they alleged the God or Jehovah of the Jews to be Demiurge, and the law they promulgated in the Old Testament to be inferior and imperfect whereas, the law which Christ promulgated in The New Testament was the expression of the mind of the Bythos or Unknown Father. Most Gnostics reportedly believed that buyback rested merely on knowledge and that a man who possessed knowledge needed no more.The realisation of human mortality lives with each and every human being and ghost stories, spirits and hauntings have been a part of our history, handed down from generation to generation. We are taught about spirits, Witches, Angels, Demons, Gods and Goddesses and the paranormal world is fatty in psychics, supernatural events, divination and with people who have real pick ups with the paranormal such as out of body experiences, direct interaction with g hostly phenomena and dependable death experiences.Sceptics cannot ignore or dismiss paranormal take placerences just as Science cannot explain the unexpected e.g., apparitions, ghosts, hauntings, orbs or the supernatural. To sum up, no matter what our personal faith, belief, religions, culture or race, it is up to you whether you believe that the evidence is strong enough to justify your belief in paranormal, the supernatural and an afterlife.Near death experiences (NDE), the age-old debate, have been occurring for centuries. In the year 360 BC, Plato writes about a soldier named Er who recalled his NDE. Near death experiences are quite common and have been recorded through history. You whitethorn have heard someone who nearly died saying that they experienced their whole life flashing right before their eyes.NDEs have been a part of mankinds existence for thousands of years, as some ancient civilizations have recorded these supernatural encounters. With this history, many differe nt explanations have come as to what could be the cause, or if the afterlife is real.Millions of cases are documented worldwide of NDEs, or near-death experiences. As they are such a common occurrence, Scientists have conducted research into thousands, if not millions, of cases. During the past 30 years, near-death experiences have been the concentre of intense Scientific studies at Universities and Medical Centres around the world and they can no longer dismiss this phenomenon as hallucinations, chemical changes in the brain just prior to death, or as a pharmacologically induced experience. Science has questioned and studied NDEs experiences and one thing agreed on by all those problematic in research is that near death experiences really do exist.No two near death experiences are the same they are as fantastic and as individual as the person who goes through this experience. People who suffer severe trauma, clinical death, or those who nearly die, have reported similar traits d uring their near-death experience and many believe it to be very real and have significantly changed the views on life, spirituality and particularly their views on death. Some common experiences do occur however, not all NDEs follow a pattern.Common traits that have been widely documented with NDE includeFeelings of Peace and TerrorThese impressions may include acceptance of death, total calmness, feelings of peace, being emotional and physically comforted. The person sees a bright light filling the room which they interpret as Heaven or God. Then there are those cases documented of people who do not have a feeling of peace, did not meet with family or friendly spirits. Rather, they experienced terror as while being attacked and upset by demons.(OBE) Out-of-body ExperiencesThe person feels that they have left their physical body. They observe from above, often describing the sight of doctors working on him. In some cases, the subjects spirit then flies out of the room, into the sk y and sometimes into space. We have all heard stories about someone on the verge of death see a bright light at the end of a long dig, revealing that they have entered another dimension or realm, seeing spiritual entities and deceased family, friends and loved ones.The persons spirit may take a bit of time to look around and then notice a bright light. The light may start out to be small and then become larger as the spirit of the person moves toward it. In some cases there is not a tunnel, but a very bright light that fills the room. The light is brighter than anything the person has ever experienced on Earth, but they are not bothered by the it.General feelings that people experience include euphoria and report floating feelings and beautiful visions of scenic places. The majority of people who experience near-death say they feel very happy with a wonderful sense of calm and belonging.Another Realm or DimensionOther people that experience NDEs say that they are led to another r ealm, most have positive experiences however, a few have reported a negative experience in which they get a feeling of loss of control and falling into a deep bottomless chasm.Near death experiences moves the person beyond this natural world and into worlds unseen, usually commencing with a tunnel of light which they are compelled to enter. This bright light pulls them into another realm and, as they leave this world behind, they experience sightings of spirits, family and their departed friends. Lastly, they experience a life review, where one sees their entire earthly life in fast forward.Once on the other side, they have reported being surrounded by entities, some of them they knew were dead and others who are there to talk to them. Some report being told certain things and are asked to go back to their bodies.The most common report for survivors of outer body experience(OBE) is that people feel they have been given a glimpse into Heaven as they encounter beings of light, or othe r representations of spiritual entities.Spiritual Beings and EntitiesWhen a person experiences NDE most report that the feeling surrounding the spiritual beings and entities are pleasurable, and they feel completely disassociated with their physical body, have the ability to see through walls and they relate stories about what was happening outside the room where their physical body was pronounced clinically dead. Some report the transcendental or mystical elements emit a sense of complete peace and contentment and, on their return after communication with the spirits or entities, it has been reported by many people and they describe a male voice telling them that it is not their time and to go back to their earthly physical body.Returning to the Physical BodyOn returning to their physical body, in most cases, they have a sense of being reborn, seeking to learn more about themselves, are stronger, self confident and pursue a life of truth with heightened appreciation and contentment . The typical near-death survivor emerges from their experience determined to live life to the fullest and most do not fear death.Negative NDE ExperiencesUnfortunately, for others, the experience may not be a positive one. Some people have said they have increased fear, suffer from depression, and focus more on death. However, thankfully, it is a very small percentage that experience negativity after recovering from their NDE.Many survivors of NDE struggle with a fear of mental illness, ridicule and fear of rejection. Problems associated with negative experiences of NDE include depression, isolation, with a difficulty in explaining their experience to their family or to the medical profession and angry due to their difficulty after this experience to return to their previous beliefs.Those who experience a negative NDE can become very distressed, retreat into themselves, take years to adjust a near-death experience, believe that their experience was a hallucination rather than a real experience, fear to seek help or counselling and may feel that they have lost control over their minds. For these people, their mental stability is challenged as is their belief systems. The effects of those who experience negative NDE are often life-altering.No Scientific explanation to date can broadside or explain all of the aspects of near death experiences, why they happen or what are the causes and effects. NDEs follow a broad general pattern that crosses cultures they keep on in memory for decades as being realer than real. Scientists have delved into various forms of studies and a couple of examples include lack of oxygen is not a factor in all NDEs, nor is the presence of drugs or medication responsible.Sceptics have a big problem with the belief in Near Death Experience because it is impossible to nail down the line between when life and death occurs. Definitions of death can vary from continent to continent and from culture to culture e.g. what makes a person?, Define the soul or spirit in a person? and as none of this can be proved scientifically. However, this does not discount the real fact that many sincere and honest people have near-death experiences and that Scientists and Medical Practitioners have investigated the phenomena with no solid result or evidence to refute their experiences.

Fredrick Douglas And Harriet Jacobs Essay example -- American History

During the 1800s, slaves received treatment comparable to that of livestock. They were mere possessions of white men stripped of almost every last bit of domain in them. African-Americans were constricted to this state of mind by their owners vicious treatment, but also the practice of keeping them uneducated. Keeping the slaves illiterate hindered them from understanding the world approximately them. striver owners knew this. The slaves who were able to read and write always rebelled to a greater extent against their masters. Frederick Douglass, author of A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Jacobs, author of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, were prime examples. Both slaves had been taught how read and write at a young age, and both gained their go offdom by escaping to the northern states. What they had learned also helped them stay free while in the northern states after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 which left no slave truly free. The lite rate slaves thought with a more free mind and developed a sense of self-identity and denied the identity of a slave. Literate slaves caught on to the immorality and injustice of slavery on black people. other problem slave owners had with literate slaves was the potential for them to educate other slaves and give them thoughts of escaping or helping other slaves escape. Frederick Douglas and Harriet Jacobs both wrote of this in their books.Douglass was separated from his mother at an early age in order to prevent any feelings of attachment to her. His father was a white man, he might occupy been the man obligated for separating him from his mother. As a young child on the plantation, Douglass was exposed to the abuse of slave women received from their masters. Thi... ...rsons writing meant nothing legally, it helped out when escaping to freedom. Jacobs was able to send letter to Dr. Flint from inside her grandmothers attic space. She kept him traveling the northern state s looking for her by saying she was in that state in a letter and had the stamp from that state. This was a very clever strategy on her part that ultimately played a big role in her gaining her freedom.If these slaves were not literate, it might have been more difficult to gain their freedom. Literacy saved Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass sense of humanity from the dehumanizing institution of slavery. With the knowledge they had acquired, they published their books, A Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. They also played a huge role in the abolitionist movement and in advocating human rights.

Solar Energy Essay -- A Level Essays

Solar EnergyWhy do we build passive solar homes? Most people familiar with the root of alternative and re vernalable energies would reply with a variation of many answers to this question.To act loc eithery in an ever expanding global market. The solar panels or photovoltaics will digest for themselves in a given amount of time depending on the system accomplished. I would build a passive solar house to take myself alone off the grid.These answers seem to be common when it comes to the world of alternative energies. Although the majority may reply to this question with similar answers there has to be a upset side or different view on any topic including renewable energy. Green building, or building with natural supplies is yet another behavior to recycle the earths minimal resources. Combining green building and solar passive idioms is nothing new to the alternative energy market, but it does supercharge a few different questions about the role of humans co-existing with nature and their living spaces. This paper will discuss the aesthetic values of living in tune with the earth through passive design. For thousands and thousands of years, man lived on the earth as we still do today. Nomadic peoples resorted to hunting and gathering, which gave way to organized cultivation that developed in Mesopotamia. The major step that propelled us into our present day lives was the industrial revolution. Now as evolved creatures we mystify fallen prey to the technological advances and have come to depend on them, especially with our ever-increasing population on earth. Environmental degradation, over population, war, and economic decay have become mainstays on our agenda as world citizens. These issues must be dealt with o... ...g be quiet to the earth, foraging for food, walking to my destinations and relying on my fellow man for help when I was in need taught me something. Living close to the earth is and will always be the answer to our questions . Passive design and solar technology is just the next step.Most of the technology that has been brought about in the past century or so has been done so under a roof or in the shadow of the industrial revolution. We need to implement the ideas of passive solar upon all people. This would in turn create alternatives to what people had originally thought in the past. Where can we find or develop new green ideas as opposed to other technologies that separate us from nature. A new way of thinking must come about for the good of all mankind. BibliographyChiras, Daniel. The Solar House. Chelsea Green Publishing Company. Canada. 2002.